Experiment 113

“The rail fence and the redefence (rails read in any order), with a repeating key before or after”

The rail fence, writing the message in a zigzag over r rails and reading rail by rail, is the oldest hand transposition and is in none of the route sets so far. Here every rail count 2-48 and every start phase, with the rails read top to bottom, bottom to top, or (up to 6 rails) in every order (the redefence), forward and inverse, with a repeating key of length 1-26 after or before.

revertedstatus
experiment 92parents
80 stime, all phases
0candidates
0/24known letters
unclocked
1

The experiment method

What the method does with the 24 known letters.

The rail fence is a schoolbook way to scramble letters: write the messagethe message The 97 letters of English that Jim Sanborn wrote and enciphered. in a zigzag down and up over a few lines, like a fence, then read each line in turn. Here we try every number of lines up to 48, every starting point of the zigzag, and for up to six lines every order of reading them, with a short repeating secret word on the tablethe table The right-hand half of the sculpture, 26 rows of the alphabet each shifted one place further, starting from the word KRYPTOS. before or after, against the 24 known lettersthe known letters Sanborn has confirmed that positions 22 to 34 of the message read EASTNORTHEAST and positions 64 to 74 read BERLINCLOCK..

Words in the margin are defined on the glossary page.

1.1

The method at work

The carved letters go in at the top; the reading comes out at the bottom.

OBKRUOXOGHULBSOLIFBBWEASTNORTHEASTOTWTQSJQSSEKZZWATJKLUDIAWINFBBERLINCLOCKWGDKZXTJCDIGKUHUAUEKCARIN: THE COPPER, ALL 97 LETTERS, THE 24 KNOWN PLACES IN ACCENTa rail fence of 3 rails: the message zigzags down and up across three lines, then each line is read left to right, top line firstEASTNORTHEASTBERLINCLOCKrail 1 holds 25 letters, rail 2 48, rail 3 24; place 22 is on rail 2EASTNORTHEASTBERLINCLOCKXOGIFBTWTQSJQIAWINFZXTUAwhere each known letter lands, and the carved letter thereE of place 22, the 11th letter on rail 2, comes out 25 + 11 = 36th, on the copper's T12,784 rail settings (2 to 6 rails, any start, any rail order) x 8 tableskey after: period 22 live09the copper: 2period 23 live024the copper: 20period 24 live0149the copper: 136key before: period 25 live07the copper: 5ten shuffled coppersthe copperOUT: NO READING; EVERY COUNT INSIDE THE SCRAMBLED COPPERS' RANGEEASTNORTHEASTBERLINCLOCK
the move

The rail fence writes the message in a zigzag across a few lines and reads each line in turn; the redefence reads the lines in a chosen order. Both are classic hand transpositions.

the check

After the move a repeating secret word on the table must give the copper's letters where the known letters landed; two known letters in one slot of the word must agree.

the bound

12,784 settings of 2 to 6 rails, every start and rail order, keys of 1 to 26 before or after: nothing below period 22, and every count inside the range of ten scrambled coppers.

2

Best candidate against the known letters

This experiment produced no candidate: the search ruled everything out before a full text was built. Its product is the bounded negative in section 7.

3

Walkthrough, by hand

Redo the method on a few letters with pencil and paper.

  1. Write the message on 3 rails: letter 1 on rail 1, 2 on rail 2, 3 on rail 3, 4 on rail 2, 5 on rail 1, and so on.
  2. Read rail 1 left to right, then rail 2, then rail
    1. Each known letter lands at a new place; with a key of length p after the move, letters sharing a slot must agree.
  3. Repeat for every rail count, start, rail order, key length and rule, and with the key before the move.
the worksheet: the first steps by hand, on squared paper
RAIL FENCE OF 3 RAILS FROM THE TOP: RAILS 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 ..., READ RAIL 1, THEN 2, THEN 3123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930placeletterraillandscopper22E236T23A379Z24S237W25T17X64B257IThe first 30 places on their rails. Rail 1 takes everyfourth letter from place 1: 25 letters in all.Rail 2 takes the even places; place 22 is the 11th of them,so it comes out 25 + 11 = 36th.
4

Worked example, generated

The same steps run by the code on the real letters.

rail fence of 3 rails from the top: rails 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 ..., read rail 1, then 2, then 3

place  letter  rail  lands at  copper there
   22       E     2        36             T
   23       A     3        79             Z
   24       S     2        37             W
   25       T     1         7             X
   64       B     2        57             I
5

Hypothesis, for a cryptanalyst

Family, key space, the constraint under test, and the clues it reads.

Type 1 and type 4 (a hand route as the masking step, C4; 'double matrixes', C1). Routes: zigzag over r = 2-48 rails, start phase 0 to 2r-3 (the first letter on any rail, going down or up), rails read in order or reversed, and for r <= 6 in all r! orders (redefence); forward and inverse, deduplicated. Key: periodic 1-26 after the move (slot = carved place mod p) or before it, 8 tableau classes, exact by slot agreement. Ten shuffled coppers.

6

Prediction

Written before the run; the result decides it.

Nothing consistent below period 20; counts inside the coppers' range, give or take one period. Zero candidates.

7

Method

  1. Build every rail setting and its move; drop repeats.
  2. Test periods 1-26 in both orders and 8 classes by slot agreement.
  3. Count per period on K4 and ten shuffled coppers.
8

Result and bounds

The harness's record: candidates, gates, loss, and the negative result this experiment leaves behind.

0candidates returned
0passed every gate
0/24known letters, best
–lowest loss
nonechampion before

12,784 rail settings, 12,784 distinct routes x 8 classes x 2 orders, periods 1-26. K4 live below 20: 0. Outside the control range: {'A': [], 'B': []}.

What was searched, as the harness recorded it.

family
rail fence (any start phase) and redefence (rails in any order up to 6 rails), then or before a periodic tableau key
rail settings
12,784
distinct routes
12,784
duplicates skipped
12,784
periods
1, 26
classes
8
k4 live by period
A
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 20, 136, 220, 2,181
B
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 3,739
controls live by period min
A
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 54, 215, 2,177
B
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3,694
controls live by period max
A
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 24, 149, 284, 2,215
B
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 4,163
periods outside control range
A
none
B
none
k4 live below 20
none
n k4 live below 20
0
controls
10 shuffled coppers (seed 113), identical search

How this experiment sits among the others is on the lineage page; its family's open hypotheses are on the families page.

Rendered from the record on 2026-10-18 12:26 UTC; updated after every experiment.
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