Experiment 189

“F11.1: the US Army's M-94 cylinder (25 published discs) in any disc order, any cipher row per group of 25, any group alignment: exact”

F11.1, first family run. The community tried M-94 with hill climbs only (knowledge/05-attacks.md); no bounded result exists. The 25 disc alphabets as published (jproc.ca/crypto/m94.html, credited to George Mace; disc B1 matches the Cryptogram 1982 reprint; each alphabet checked to be a permutation starting A then its disc letter). Use (TM 32-220 par. 144): 25 discs in the day's order, 25 plaintext letters set on the guide row, any other row taken as cipher. K4 as consecutive groups of 25 from an unknown alignment (0-24), each group with its own row offset (1-25). Each known letter allows a set of discs at its slot; slots must take distinct discs (a matching). Exact over every alignment and every offset triple; K4 against 10 shuffled copies; plants.

revertedstatus
a new rootparents
0 stime, all phases
0candidates
0/24known letters
unclocked
1

The experiment method

What the method does with the 24 known letters.

The US Army's M-94 was a stack of 25 lettered discs on a rod: line up the messagethe message The 97 letters of English that Jim Sanborn wrote and enciphered. along one row, copy out any other row. The discs' alphabets are published; only their order and the row chosen were secret. Each known letter says which discs could sit at its place; if no ordering of the 25 discs fits all of them, the M-94 did not make K4the carved letters The 97 letters cut into the copper at the CIA, shown at the top of every experiment page..

Words in the margin are defined on the glossary page.

1.1

The method at work

The carved letters go in at the top; the reading comes out at the bottom.

OBKRUOXOGHULBSOLIFBBWEASTNORTHEASTOTWTQSJQSSEKZZWATJKLUDIAWINFBBERLINCLOCKWGDKZXTJCDIGKUHUAUEKCARIN: THE COPPER, ALL 97 LETTERS, THE 24 KNOWN PLACES IN ACCENTgroups of 25 from place 1, the first group's cipher row 7 below the message row: which discs can stand at a known place?E over carved F: only discs F5, O14, P15same disc, group 3, its own rowEASTNORTHEASTBERLINCLOCK1265176K4, each cell one place the groups start (0-24), every row for every group: does some order of the 25 discs fit?0510152024no disc order fitssome order fitseach cell one text: does any setting fit?K410P1P2K4 0, copies 0; plants: true setting found among 4 and 58Jefferson's own wheel and the M-138-A strips: their alphabets are not to hand, so blockedOUT: NO READING; THE M-94 CYLINDER CANNOT HAVE MADE K4EASTNORTHEASTBERLINCLOCK
the idea

The M-94, the US Army's cipher cylinder until 1942, is 25 discs with published mixed alphabets: set the message along one row, copy out another. Only the disc order and the row were secret.

the check

Each known letter allows only the discs that carry the carved letter the right number of places after it; the discs at different places must all be different. Every group start and every row choice, decided exactly; ten scrambled copies, two planted texts.

the bound

No disc order fits K4 or any copy under any setting; planted texts are found. F11.1 closed for the M-94.

2

Best candidate against the known letters

This experiment produced no candidate: the search ruled everything out before a full text was built. Its product is the bounded negative in section 7.

3

Walkthrough, by hand

Redo the method on a few letters with pencil and paper.

  1. Suppose the groups of 25 start at place 1: places 1-25, 26-50, 51-75, 76-97.
  2. Place 22 is slot 22 of the first group; with that group's cipher row 7 places below the guide row, the disc there must carry the carved F seven places after the known E.
  3. List the discs that do; do the same for every known letter.
  4. Places 22 and 72 share slot 22 (different groups, different rows): one disc must satisfy both.
  5. If every slot keeps a disc and the discs can all be different, that setting survives.
the worksheet: the first steps by hand, on squared paper
WHICH DISCS CAN STAND AT PLACE 22Groups of 25 from place 1, the firstgroup's cipher row 7 below the guiderow: only discs F5, O14 and P15 carry Fseven places after E.Place 72 shares that slot in the thirdgroup, with its own row. One disc mustserve both, and the 21 slots with knownletters must take 21 different discs.
4

Worked example, generated

The same steps run by the code on the real letters.

groups of 25 from place 1; first group's cipher row 7 below the guide row: discs that can stand at place 22 (E over carved F)

place 22: ['F5', 'O14', 'P15']
5

Hypothesis, for a cryptanalyst

Family, key space, the constraint under test, and the clues it reads.

A9 (methods known to the creators in 1990; the M-94 was declassified long before), C1 ('matrix codes'), F11. Model: c_i = D_{k[s]}[(pos(p_i) + g_group) mod 26], s = (i + a) mod 25, k a disc order. The 24 known letters fall in at most three groups; for fixed (a, g's), each slot's allowed discs are the intersection over its known letters; consistent iff a system of distinct discs exists. Statistic: consistent (a, g) cells, K4 against 10 copies.

6

Prediction

Written before the run; the result decides it.

No alignment and row choice admits a disc order on K4 or on the copies (about 24 strong checks); plants are found. Zero candidates.

7

Method

  1. Load the 25 published alphabets and check them.
  2. For each alignment (0-24) and each row offset for every group holding known letters: allowed discs per slot.
  3. Any empty slot kills the cell; otherwise look for distinct discs by bipartite matching.
  4. K4 against 10 shuffled copies; two planted texts as builder checks.
8

Result and bounds

The harness's record: candidates, gates, loss, and the negative result this experiment leaves behind.

0candidates returned
0passed every gate
0/24known letters, best
–lowest loss
nonechampion before

consistent (alignment, rows) cells: K4 0 (copies 0-0); plants [{'alignment': 2, 'cells': 4, 'true_cell_found': True}, {'alignment': 18, 'cells': 58, 'true_cell_found': True}]

What was searched, as the harness recorded it.

family
M-94 cylinder, 25 published discs in any order, any cipher row per group of 25, any alignment, exact (bipartite matching)
discs source
jproc.ca/crypto/m94.html (George Mace); checked: permutations, A then the disc letter; B1 as the Cryptogram 1982 reprint
consistent cells
k4
0
copies
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
k4 cells
none
plants
  1. alignment
    2
    cells
    4
    true cell found
    yes
  2. alignment
    18
    cells
    58
    true cell found
    yes
not tested
Jefferson's own wheel (alphabets not recorded), M-138-A strip sets (not published): blocked
copies
10 shuffled copies (seed 1890)
seconds
0
exhaustive
yes

How this experiment sits among the others is on the lineage page; its family's open hypotheses are on the families page.

Rendered from the record on 2026-10-18 12:26 UTC; updated after every experiment.
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