“F13.4a: a periodic key on the sculpture's 8 table classes, key lengths 1-36, solved from the ciphertext alone (quadgram climb, MIX8m rescoring), K4 against 200 climbed shuffles, plants at seven lengths”
F13.4a (issue #85), the first ciphertext-only solve. 0005 closed this cell exactly with the 24 known letters (lengths 1-26 and 30-52 dead on all 8 classes); here the known letters are not read. For each of the 8 classes (plain and cipher alphabets standard or KRYPTOS, added or Beaufort form; the key alphabet drops out) and each key length 1-36, a compiled coordinate-ascent climb on the shifts (30 restarts) maximizes the quadgram score; the 288 best readings are rescored by MIX8m, F13.3's out-of-domain model (1.95 bits per letter). Per length the best reading over the classes; the text's statistic is its largest z-score over the lengths against K4's 200 climbed shuffles. Plants (Carter's held-out last 20%, half with X stops, no known word) at lengths 5, 10, 15, 20, 26, 30 and 36, 8 each, each against 10 own climbed shuffles.
The first two messages on the sculpture were made with its table and a repeating secret wordthe secret word The word or string a cipher needs besides the method.. If K4the carved letters The 97 letters cut into the copper at the CIA, shown at the top of every experiment page. were made the same way, a codebreaker could recover the word without knowing any of the messagethe message The 97 letters of English that Jim Sanborn wrote and enciphered., by trying every shift for each letter of the word and keeping the ones that make the text read best, as people did by hand a century ago. We do that for every word length up to 36 and for all eight ways of using the sculpture's two alphabetsthe sculpture's alphabet The alphabet reordered to begin with KRYPTOS: KRYPTOSABCDEFGHIJLMNQUVWXZ., never looking at the clue wordsthe known letters Sanborn has confirmed that positions 22 to 34 of the message read EASTNORTHEAST and positions 64 to 74 read BERLINCLOCK., and compare K4 with 200 shuffles of its own letters treated the same way. Hidden test messages tell us up to what length this can work.
Words in the margin are defined on the glossary page.
1.1
The method at work
The carved letters go in at the top; the reading comes out at the bottom.
the idea
F13.4a: the sculpture's own table with a repeating key, solved from the carved letters alone, never looking at the clue words.
the check
Every length 1-36 and all 8 ways of using the table, climbed and rescored by the best English model; K4 against 200 shuffles of itself.
the bound
K4 sits inside its shuffles (p 0.6169). Planted messages are found to length 26, so 1-26 is closed without the known letters; 27-36 is too short to decide.
2
Experiment lineage
What this experiment was built on, from the lineage page: 11 experiments before it, back to the root of its line. Its number is in bold.
keptreverted, in its family's colour×error or timeoutreverted under today's rulesbuilt on a parent in the same familybuilt on a parent in another family
3
Best candidate against the known letters
Laid out as the copper carries K4: OBKR ends the line that finishes K3, then three lines of 31. Left, as carved, the 24 known places in accent. Right, the candidate: a known place it gets right is an accent cell, one it misses is outlined. This is the candidate with most known letters right; none passed every gate.
in: the copper, always the same
as carved, 97 letters; the 24 known places in accent
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?OBKR
UOXOGHULBSOLIFBBWFLRVQQPRNGKSSO
TWTQSJQSSEKZZWATJKLUDIAWINFBNYP
VTTMZFPKWGDKZXTJCDIGKUHUAUEKCAR
OBKR ends the line that finishes K3, then three lines of 31
out: the candidate
every place read; known places in accent, misses outlined
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?AWTH
EARGEDIELFCFILEJANDANIISAHEALTT
ERTATPRESLHISCUOMASINDTRIDLETOC
KOUNSJCLUESFNATHUNTENTHTHEREVRK
checked: the known letters in place, and the reading turns back into the copper
4
How the score is made
The loss of the best candidate, part by part. Zero is solved.
Known letters missed
19 of 24, ten points each
190.00
English
the 73 free letters score -4.98; English text scores -3.6
1.38
Key
111 bits to write it down (key words are cheap, arbitrary letters 4.7 bits each); each 60 beyond 60 costs a point
0.86
Loss
of 240, the worst possible
192.24 80.1%
5
Walkthrough, by hand
Redo the method on a few letters with pencil and paper.
Guess a key length, say 7, and write the carved letters in 7 columns.
Pick one of the eight ways of using the sculpture's table.
For column 1 try all 26 shifts and keep the one that makes the whole text read best; then column 2, and so on, going round until nothing improves.
Start again from a few random keys and keep the best reading.
Do it for every length up to 36 and every way of using the table, and compare K4's best with the best that shuffles of K4's letters reach.
the worksheet: the first steps by hand, on squared paper
6
Worked example, generated
The same steps run by the code on the real letters.
The same climb on K1's 63 carved letters, key length 10, the KRYPTOS table, no known letter:
shifts found PALIMPSEST
reading BETWEENSUBTLESHADINGANDTHEABSENCEOFLIGHTLIESTHENUANCEOFIQLUSION
On K4 the climb runs for every length 1-36 and all 8 ways of using the table, and K4's best is compared with
the best that 200 shuffles of K4's letters reach.
7
Hypothesis, for a cryptanalyst
Family, key space, the constraint under test, and the clues it reads.
F1 with the sculpture's tables (K1, K2: Quagmire III on KRYPTOS with PALIMPSEST and ABSCISSA; 01-facts.md) is the first family in rank; C8(a), C27(c), C28. Every verdict on it rests on the known letters sitting at 22-34 and 64-74 of the final text, letter for letter (A2) and without slips (A1). F13.1 (reports/f13-solvability-map.md) puts a periodic key on a fixed table decidable by English alone to length 36 (125 bits at 26, under the 173 the quadgram scorer carries; 189 with MIX8m, 0233). The classic hand method (Stein; Friedman's Military Cryptanalysis) is exactly this: one shift per column, chosen by how well the decryption reads. Pre-registered: one statistic per text, S = max over L of (best MIX8m log-probability at L minus the shuffles' mean at L) / their sd; K4 flags at p < 0.05 against 200 shuffles (one test). Power per planted length: found when S is above all 10 own copies' S (null 1/11); a length is decided when at least 6 of its 8 plants are found (0120's bar as used by A6.2). The item closes for the lengths decided and is blocked above, by the measured power.
8
Prediction
Written before the run; the result decides it.
Plants found 8 of 8 at lengths 5-15, most at 20, falling to a few at 30-36 (columns of 2-3 letters): decided to about 20-26. K4's statistic inside its shuffles (p above 0.05), its best readings English-like junk with no known letter in place beyond chance (the harness's gate 2 on the 36 submitted readings: at most 3 of 24). So F13.4a closes for the decided lengths and is blocked above them.
9
Method
Texts: K4; 200 shuffles of K4; 56 plants (lengths 5, 10, 15, 20, 26, 30, 36; 8 each, 4 clean and 4 with X stops; random class and shifts) and 10 shuffles of each plant: 817 texts.
Per text, per class (8) and length (1-36): coordinate ascent on the shifts, 30 random restarts, each pass trying all 26 shifts of every column in random order, scored by the harness's quadgram table.
The 288 best readings rescored by MIX8m (0233: KN8 on the manuals mixed with the quadgram table, weight 0.55); per length the best over classes.
z per length against K4's shuffles; S = the largest z; K4 ranked among its shuffles; each plant among its own copies.
K4's best reading at each length submitted as a candidate (key: class and shifts), so the harness checks the known letters only after the search; gate 4's controls are the shuffles' best readings, scored as the harness scores.
10
Result and bounds
The harness's record: candidates, gates, loss, and the negative result this experiment leaves behind.
36candidates returned
0passed every gate
5/24known letters, best
80.1%lowest loss
nonechampion before
All 36 candidates, lowest loss first.
1failed at cribs5/24 known lettersloss 80.1%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?AWTH
EARGEDIELFCFILEJANDANIISAHEALTT
ERTATPRESLHISCUOMASINDTRIDLETOC
KOUNSJCLUESFNATHUNTENTHTHEREVRK
2failed at cribs4/24 known lettersloss 84.3%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?KAIN
TOITEACNARDPHISESOVETOOLNATYLIS
ALTOAGAUGEANGSBEYOCLOCHAPPLANUR
EILINTMILBETHANYOUTKILIZTREADYO
3failed at cribs4/24 known lettersloss 84.7%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?MESS
AMAWHNSOJTUJLNCHUITSBOTXSTENATU
RZBRYHTATKICHXGRMSMABLIXOLIJOEN
YBUSXIXLCEGSADRMKEOENCIAYXMLIYU
4failed at cribs3/24 known lettersloss 88.4%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?MIME
SONTENSNVSATOMCLEELERMUSTHGOESA
LAYNURTEDISLIOUTPMZUBORHENEVION
PORINTHASYTHEPHAUSEWANDAMESAMEF
5failed at cribs3/24 known lettersloss 88.4%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?FMEE
TORENCOCEENTERCROMAVENGOVEREFRO
NMALMATERMGLAMSAYOURTHENTHSANSF
CONDCROSSSEAREINLAYFOLSONTEESHM
6failed at cribs3/24 known lettersloss 88.5%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?ESWO
CFHTMYREPGOFOWEVEMAPVEQQITWOFQB
REEDUPECTSAINWRADHREYORTCAMRHBN
SRLSIACKTARAIMDAFXWNJJNFDISASVA
7failed at cribs3/24 known lettersloss 88.6%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?WWAS
SMUCBNCGRTMJFTWHEABSTONDMTOFITM
RTHLYRLITCIWNRGBEAMSBFOROVAROWN
SHOSHAFLUEAYUDBESEGEHICAIPULAYO
8failed at cribs3/24 known lettersloss 88.6%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?INDI
CALEASOUTHOFCOUSEELYREESEASTHMI
NIMHAVEIMPEIRLANDTELLHADEBTEALB
EINGTRIBESRATINSUSIAEDALITERYOF
9failed at cribs3/24 known lettersloss 88.7%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?USHA
PONWHICHTATRISIGNALHOULDSARALID
ORKKNESEARINGREWOORBYMEELDISTEM
POTALSOFANYINITYHEASMENLAONDOLM
10failed at cribs3/24 known lettersloss 88.8%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?FIUP
FSPLUSOISHADEDMINCEYENSETTEEOFF
ERSETHANKERJASTTHERLACEFIRNATTH
EDESTANNOTRESPOREWEEEVELUSTTHIT
11failed at cribs3/24 known lettersloss 88.9%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?EINA
OYSDNCCGXXIGLEYWPEMATKGCBPWHAXI
OPWGSJKESUSTZPJDIIOCULJAJFEYERR
BOSTTNDSAMVSTRSARULDNTMVPTUSRXB
12failed at cribs3/24 known lettersloss 89.0%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?RYWM
AIDINBAFHNRFUSHYCSXMBLPJTHNEONR
QCQPNVLONLEFKCRSDWFATURCCKSHHEJ
BQSGFSYECAJEFXSDITUAWUQUGULEIRT
13failed at cribs3/24 known lettersloss 89.0%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?EHSH
ADQRYTAAXODBURXHMYXGMPFFTCPWHIR
INSFIVFIOKAFUNGISWALJTWCTDMWDEE
MSICFRFWMPJSVDISIZONSLQJWAKAIVH
14failed at cribs2/24 known lettersloss 92.6%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?WCAZ
DAPFCCONKAFITHGINARPHURRJUMAYRI
SIORTOVEGAUCRIBEHINKLEYALEGILLO
REKGCHURTEZYTOKENFAHANPWFYAUNCN
15failed at cribs2/24 known lettersloss 92.7%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?NUAR
EYITVTRILEFOKHARDESEWHOMEXCOUNT
IESDUNDHAIRTANDCINTHSCICESCANNE
RDANTHMIDDALSALSTHASCLAHARPCUTI
16failed at cribs2/24 known lettersloss 93.0%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?GCAR
EWSSQHECJAFLOTJCTFANTURPLEURGSU
VOORSSFHAMKILOBEJJCPEVAGARGINMU
TOEMITERTGKMAZEJZYWHAUTGIVMKZZC
17failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 96.7%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?TASE
WVADORTHAMAALMATICHHWLXXXPOFISD
OINGSSHZINITGUTUSBOTOTLICHMAIDL
CEONSOVIESEYJUBBROTOFTKNLKGAPBA
18failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 96.7%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?RART
LYCRYUNIQLAPEECENCYWERMRGTIFYOS
ANROYORTTWERENSONVHSSTHUGOWDOXY
WAKIDBMAUEVERDKIDGEDELPYONWEENW
19failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 96.7%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?TIMM
UTSFONSNCESAUTHATTBRUYRUSTIREAU
DIDNGBESONALTBCOURARYUSTADFARCU
RISNTGNSINCALITILLAMEWIKBELMISB
20failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 96.7%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?MIDM
ROOWWIJBONSEIDIURCLIDGREHABOLSM
APONSAYITTAMUATTHREPAIREYOURATT
OTRTSAMKNOTLONGEGWIERNCRALMADPH
21failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 96.7%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?EIMM
ICHOLLSTRIESPAYSIXGTORIMITONTBA
SARAINRDLANEIIPKIRTHERJUTLYTLYY
OLOPLEINGRYDOAWOKERDMXVNOINOMHB
22failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 96.8%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?ASTH
ASDAYNUNVESOUNTSAPEDFMUTILLLOJO
RIDDCFLYSTALEADASDHLTIBOVIKAHHA
BGATENCHAYMECHELAKITERVDONNINTA
23failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 96.8%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?NNLP
UPPOMHSTSREAFOVBEINTSARESWEREXE
TTSEVERBROXYMACTEDHALSADROICEHO
OSRDYCEANELLOMTERUGHUNNULSSTARK
24failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 96.8%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?PGID
FELMONAPEASALAYENASSAUCAHADCTOS
PEEFRELYISOHERNESTINIUMSWORDIZZ
MUHREDBYNKACEDENLUTIFULLYINVANC
25failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 96.8%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?ERED
TOSPHYFERGEFANTANGLESACTATPAIMA
SWORTABLISATRESSALLHASMARTORDSB
UTONAWADMUTERFLITEITHETYJANASUD
26failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 96.9%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?WOND
ICASBESSORGIONNAMENMARGEWEIGGOO
DBARNEPARASUSTBEADYBEMARICREMBE
CALAYEDAUNDOYLEARCHBANDCUMBERAT
27failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 96.9%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?SYOD
YIRYFLRPNWIFSEFYARPLPAPTORSOMMY
SAQUENKMCDOWDIENDUKYAMMACHPARVT
HXNGJETHASHETHSNZHUKEORTERIWGUL
28failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 96.9%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?ASET
HEYSLADVAPPEDFAZASPRIVANDMAWFIN
EANSPIRAMSLOWARENTLEAROWUAYSOCI
ETZWHOLLYTHELAGINAREEARLOFIDMEW
29failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 96.9%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?SENI
TEDASNAHAPNLARONGTORSISPASTOFOR
EDUCIFICCORICAIDGEREWANCARMEMAI
LMENONLECORICKINGTHISESONEEUPFI
30failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 97.0%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?ESSH
HBLERMQMOCEWLPROMTWONINFIUNIPAD
FLYUPWUDBUIDHMCDJIMMORACKJRAWFP
NOCWLYPIFKOJIBENTORRSQUMBUPSSYF
31failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 97.1%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?AILA
RTSONSELETSOPINGAYINDATOREDATST
USEFFMIAPLEITTURNANAISTOBASHESO
MERENCYAIMGOTHEUSELANSORMTOMATI
32failed at cribs1/24 known lettersloss 97.4%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?DAIH
NDKDVUNRACDRTWAALWRHMOOFHPVICCD
ELEOCSOCCXIJJLBESIRNYTBLTPWAPGF
MEEQJWFILVYIJKESZYTVINUNBNXIZBH
33failed at cribs0/24 known lettersloss 100.9%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?BWEN
THNORTSIFROMAWLOTUNDSUSISLUNTHS
PGLONGWAYTOPNOMARNISNEWSTAKINCB
SKITUSENCANTEREDNGRRETAREYTHESM
34failed at cribs0/24 known lettersloss 100.9%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?ILIX
ILLIENIGRETHATTGAFIMPFGPBYPUVEP
AGOFECCWLRTTMTCONNAOFROMUTUBETH
WSVWSCHATPUMTUSSAYSWASYTYCHIGCH
35failed at cribs0/24 known lettersloss 100.9%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?TSIN
ANCCHACIESDOMEMBERSTDIELNYVEDAR
LOAGENRYKEHEAPOSAIDASTERBADEFAA
TWILGRESEBUILDMUGEBURRATESDECOG
36failed at cribs0/24 known lettersloss 101.0%
ECDMRIPFEIMEHNLSSTTRTVDOHW?SEDI
FSTZAGRSVERTINFEANDCATUSKEROODI
STAKEMYSAINDHOLYMOONUTESTHEYUSB
YBTUDITSORINDAMANHERETEBUGHSCIV
K4 statistic 2.15 at length 20, p 0.617 against 200 shuffles; plant power L5 8/8, L10 8/8, L15 8/8, L20 7/8, L26 6/8, L30 5/8, L36 2/8; decided lengths [5, 10, 15, 20, 26]