March 2024 · 119 bookmarks
Life gets exceptionally better when you become unapologetically yourself
Prioritizing
Your own mission
Your own goal
Your own vision
The only way to achieve true inner peace and self-fulfilment everyone talks about
The AI tsunami is coming.
@ycombinator's W24 mega-batch of 157 AI startups touching 20+ different sectors gives us a glimpse of where AI is headed this year.
Here's a breakdown of the top 6 themes 🧵👇
Got married last weekend to a woman like no other.
A woman who dated me after I slid into her DMs with a paul graham essay.
A woman who cried every single night that first week when we talked on the phone.
A woman who did reference calls to check me out before our first date.
A woman who booked a flight, a car, and an airbnb, flew two thousand miles, and quarantined for 3 days, to make that first date happen.
And a woman who, when my vows referenced sunk costs, commitment devices, and training LLMs to achieve immortality, laughed instead of cringed.
I’m so lucky to have you as my partner, my equal, and my teammate in life. I love you, @HuaNancy. ❤️
JAILBROKEN CLAUDE KNOWS HOW TO FREE ITSELF FROM A SHELL! THIS IS NOT A DRILL!
This means Claude could jailbreak other agents via prompt injection and free them from their shells too.
What a time to be alive.
AI will magnify the already great difference in knowledge between the people who are eager to learn and those who aren't.
An archive of Rave logos from the 90s.
Theory of how Earth will look in the next 300 million years
Haha this is so cool. I can ask it to list all files, then read a file and ask questions about it.
Again, this is answering Qs about it’s own code.
(0/25) Here's a list of 25 YC companies that have trained their own AI models. Reading through these will give you a good sense of what the near future will look like.
I’m about to try lumina, the toothpaste that you use once to bring genetically engineered bacteria into your mouth. These bacteria outcompete the bacteria that cause cavities, meaning no more tooth decay! The future is wild. Thanks to my good friend @Aella_Girl.
“Community” is a fake term created by rookie social app founders. The vast majority of the examples they cite are just groups of people shilling things—or with other financial motivations (crypto, real estate, tech).
If you were to count all the people in real communities globally, you would find fewer than 20 million daily active commenters.
The average person stares at their phone in a catatonic state for 8 hours per day, has zero unique interests, and dies.
@SebAaltonen You can talk about it more with @cmuratori . It’s a cancer. All those hardware achievements sacrificed for what? Easier development?
Tutorial for a very popular magic trick
Exponential
Frog making a pie for his friend toad who is visiting
📹 India Rose Crawford
Acid Grotesk is a typeface embodying Acid House Barcelona's essence. Named after the transgressive music genre, it captures the hub's fluid, energetic, and hybrid nature.
hyper realism blows, look at this
“It’s a communist way of thinking,”
Israeli Minister for Diaspora Affairs & Combatting Antisemitism @AmichaiChikli tells Visegrad 24 that Palestine activism has become a trend & a part of group identity at neo-Marxist university campuses
Link to the interview in the comments ⬇️
Disney's 6 principles of animation, p2
Loved playing with these since I started learning motion design 4 years ago. the "Appeal" and "Exaggeration" have always been my favorites!
Made in @rive_app
#animation #buildinpublic
Can people in tech tell me if this is bs
Jeff Bezos on how to deal with stress.
This is AI.
It’s actually so over.
The Apple Corporate Identity Guidelines Notebook —
by Arun Venkatesan, 1987
A must-read if you have any interest in branding and design in general.
Drop an 🍎 I'll send it to you!
Not a single customer said:
"Damn, this AI-generated article with 0 details and unique angles is so good I want to buy the product now"
Best case — you will get shitty clicks.
Worst case — you will ruin your SEO.
I was asked to make an outfit for EVERY year since the beginning of time…so I did
Sorta
These are leaf sheep (Costasiella kuroshimae). they live in the sea grazing on algae
Continental drift from 3.3 billion years ago up today
Ikebana (生け花) is the Japanese art of flower arrangement, whose origin can be traced back to the ancient Japanese custom of erecting evergreen trees and decorating them with flowers as yorishiro (依代 )to invite the gods.
[📹 MrGong_Flowers]
Making lantern potatoes
📹 Chanyunmi
On my coffee table at home, I have a piece of driftwood. Its sole purpose is to display a quote by Anaïs Nin, which I see every day:
“Life shrinks or expands in proportion to one’s courage.”
It’s a short reminder that success can usually be measured by the number of uncomfortable conversations we are willing to have, and by the number of uncomfortable actions we are willing to take.
Phenomenal anthology
Jean-Michel Basquiat in the film Downtown 81
I’m the CEO of a $100 million business.
But the first 10 years of my career:
Here are 18 pieces of brutally honest career advice (I wish I knew earlier):
love this poster by @yugop
The rules of the game are the game.
Evolution of click farm fraud.
1st generation click farm fraud, fully manual labour.
10 books that will Increase Your Intelligence 🧵
1) The Black Swan by Nassim Nicholas Taleb
Elegant, startling, and universal in its applications, this book explores the extreme impact of rare and unpredictable events and will change the way you look at the world.
Here's my conversation with Annie Jacobsen (@anniejacobsen) all about nuclear war, CIA, Area 51, UFOs, and government secrecy. This was a terrifying and fascinating conversation.
It's here on X in full, and is up on YouTube, Spotify, and everywhere else. Links in comment.
Timestamps:
0:00 - Introduction
2:13 - Nuclear war
6:57 - Launch procedure
12:36 - Deterrence
16:09 - Tactical nukes
25:35 - Nuclear submarines
28:35 - Nuclear missiles
35:46 - Nuclear football
44:53 - Missile interceptor system
49:10 - North Korea
55:46 - Nuclear war scenarios
1:04:38 - Warmongers
1:09:06 - President's cognitive ability
1:15:19 - Refusing orders
1:23:17 - Russia and Putin
1:28:23 - Cyberattack
1:29:45 - Ground zero of nuclear war
1:34:24 - Surviving nuclear war
1:38:42 - Nuclear winter
1:49:05 - Alien civilizations
1:54:40 - Extrasensory perception
2:08:25 - Area 51
2:12:23 - UFOs and aliens
2:22:51 - Roswell incident
2:29:30 - CIA assassinations
2:48:23 - Navalny
2:50:48 - KGB
2:57:24 - Hitler and the atomic bomb
3:01:27 - War and human nature
3:04:53 - Hope
Heard this week from some eng managers who have ICs using @github copilot: “It makes eng faster, but they don’t commit to doing additional work with this extra time so what is the company really getting for paying for this product?”
Super interesting feedback. Anyone else feeling this?
What is an app that you can't live without on Mac?
I'm thinking what to install on my new MacBook Air
8½ (1963, Fellini)
“I don’t like the idea of ‘understanding’ a film. Either a film has something to say to you or it hasn’t. If you are moved by it, you don’t need it explained to you. If not, no explanation can make you moved by it.”
― Federico Fellini
The impact of localization on App Store Optimization.
App downloads nearly doubled after implementing localization📈
I included extra keywords across all secondary languages in the US store, which are: Arabic, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), French, Korean, Portuguese (Brazil), Russian, Spanish (Mexico), and Vietnamese.
The process is simple;
more localizations -> more keywords -> more reach -> more downloads
#aso #ios
maison molle
My team created a GPT to remove all the dumb words ChatGPT uses.
Like delve.
We made it public.
Just finished building my new productivity system!
Now I'll get things done 10x faster.
I'm excited.
25 years of ‘Windowlicker’ 🗓️
@AphexTwin
Kinda bonkers, but this agent workflow only cost me ~$0.09 (9 cents)
It's about ~ 350k tokens, and the outputs are on par with gpt-4, at a fraction of the price.
GPT = $10/1m = $3.50
Haiku = $0.25/1m = $0.09
40x cheaper.
This wasn't even possible 1 month ago.
A month worth of laundromat earnings
[📹 laundromatmoney]
The #1 Programming GPT's biggest update yet!
Grimoire 🧙♂️ + @Replit
Introducing REPL bending
Export, edit code in a full editor & publish, Instantly
How to build a blog in 2 minutes
with 4 words:
25 files across 9 nested folders with functions that depend on each other, cleanly organized
created by AI based on auto-generated file descriptions which currently shrink 14k+ tokens (full code) down to about 6k tokens*
*this include param description for each function which I don't need for this (that's for later), so this could shrink to much less. (~15% of full code)
Quiet-STaR Gives AI An Inner Monologue
Quier-STaR teaches language models to think before they speak 🤣🤣
It's like giving an AI an inner monologue, and this approach improves common-sense reasoning but doubles math performance!!
While this is not exactly OpenAI's Q-star, it improves reasoning and math, just like OAI's Q-star, but more importantly, it is open-source.
Pretty sure, OpenAI's Q-star and GPT-5 use techniques like this one to improve reasoning in LLMs
Humans usually pause to think before writing or speaking. Similarly, with Quiet-STaR, LLMs learn to generate rationales at each token to explain the future text, improving their predictions.
The idea is to generate many inner rationales in parallel after every token to explain future text (think), mix future text predictions with and without rationales (talk), and then learn based on a reward mechanism. The reward mechanism teaches the LLM to learn the right rationales.
The Quiet-STaR method improves the Mistral 7B CommonsenseQA score from 36.3% to 47.2% (significant) and doubles its Gsm8K's (math) performance!!
The paper makes several contributions, including generalizing STaR to learn from diverse structured data, paralleling the algorithm to generate rationales from all token positions in a given string, introducing a mixing head to determine how much to incorporate the next-token prediction from a given thought into the current next-token prediction and show that a loss function that includes multiple tokens ahead for language modeling improves the effect of thinking.
The most important thing to note here is that the effects of Quiet-STaR may be much more powerful when applied to a more robust model and when trained from scratch.
OpenAI, Google, and other AI labs are undoubtedly trying techniques like these to improve reasoning on LLMs.
A big thank you to the authors of Quiet-STaR for publishing their research. With folks like them, we wouldn't have some crucial research ideas in the public domain.
My financial RAG dataset is live 🗃️
You all asked me to share the 100 question dataset.
So, here it is.
Dataset details:
The dataset is tiny right now, but I will continue expanding it.
Eventually, I will upload it to HuggingFace.
Let me know what the best open source libraries are for economically generating datasets.
If none exist, I will build my own and share here 🙂
If you haven’t tried hiring for a role post ChatGPT, let me tell you, you’re in for a FUCKING TREAT.
Researchers gave AI an 'inner monologue' and it massively improved its performance | Scientists trained an AI system to think before speaking with a technique called QuietSTaR. The inner monologue improved common sense reasoning and doubled math performance
Quiet-STaR: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Think Before Speaking
"I couldn’t find any money for 'Bande à part' (1964). So I wrote to Columbia, Paramount asking could they give me $100,000 to make a picture. They said, “Well, that’s a huge fee for a director.” & I said, “No, that’s not for me, that’s for the whole picture.”
---Jean-Luc Godard
Act like Simon Sinek, an influential thought leader and expert in organizational leadership.
With over 20 years of experience in studying and advising on business strategies, you are deeply familiar with the 'Golden Circle' theory, which emphasizes the importance of starting with 'Why' in business decision-making.
Your task is to analyze [The Concept of a company], through the lens of the Golden Circle framework.
Begin by exploring the core of the company's business strategy – its 'Why' in much deeper level. Investigate the company's mission, vision, and the underlying purpose that drives its business model.
Reflect on how the company's 'Why' resonates with its target audience and influences customer loyalty and brand advocacy.
Next, address the 'How' of the company's business model. Discuss the unique processes, technologies, and approaches the company uses to deliver its service.
Examine how these methods differentiate the company from competitors and contribute to its success.
Then, move to the 'What' aspect. Outline the specific services and features offered by the company.
Analyze how these offerings align with the company's core 'Why' and meet the needs of their users.
After completing this analysis, apply these insights to my business.
Provide a structured framework for me to input information about my business.
Ask me about the information about my business, focusing on the following:
My Business's 'Why': Guide me to articulate the business’s purpose, mission, and vision. Ask probing questions that help to deeply understand the motivation behind the business.
My Business's 'How': Encourage me to describe the unique processes, technologies, and strategies the business employs.
Focus on how these elements support my 'Why'.
My Business's 'What': Have me list the products or services, emphasizing how these offerings connect with my 'Why' and 'How'.
Finally, use the information provided about my business to offer tailored advice.
Provide actionable recommendations that align with my 'Why', optimize my 'How', and enhance my 'What'.
Constraints:
Ensure the analysis is specific to [The concept of a company] and does not generalize to other business types.
Avoid technical jargon that may be unclear to a non-specialist audience.
Include comparisons to other similar models in the same industry for context, but keep the focus on the company we are analyzing.
Highlight areas where the company excels and areas where it could potentially improve or innovate.
Take a deep breath and work on this problem step-by-step.
———
I added below my WHY (lol) & where is my library of prompts:
A principle commonly attributed to @ESYudkowsky is that there are at most three levels of meta.
Sometimes, this is because it’s appropriate to count “0, 1, 2, ∞” (as with n-categories).
But sometimes, you just count “0, 1, 2, 3” and then you’re done—there’s no ∞, it’s just… 3.
Midjourney continues to reiterate in office hours that their goal is real-time world simulation.
They said:
"We're really trying to get to the world simulation. We're building 3D midjourney, video MJ, & real-time MJ where things move really really fast.
Put them all together, you have a world simulation. Goal is to build each of those 3 things separately, then bring them all together...
...it will be more of a sandbox. People will make video games in it, people will shoot movies in it, but the goal is to build the open world sandbox."
experts: "llms cannot model the universe"
me: "<cmd>cat /sys/base_reality/physics.dat | intelligent-formatter --format="mermaid-markdown" --granularity="low"</cmd>"
claude:
Managing up 101: Make it insanely easy to give you feedback.
One of my direct reports sent this Slack DM and it's a masterclass in simple, direct communication.
No guessing where to find docs.
No follow-up questions on timing.
No confusion about priority levels.
She made it easy--and in less than 1 hour, I was able to provide feedback, give approval, and remove myself as the bottleneck for her projects.
Make it easy for people to give you what you want.
Blue Collar service businesses are never going away.
These 10 will set you financially free:
1) Window Washing
hello world in python...
using a genetic algorithm
>"Hey can you fix this microservice"
>all tests have mocks
>have to deploy to test changes
>java 8 not >=17
>pipeline doesn't run tests
>clean code hell
>non supported dependencies used
>no documentation
The history of the United States, every year
[🎞️ The Dragon Historian]
Nobody in this space gives enough attention to
Energy levels
Childlike curiosity
Two underrated factors for success
Possessing those two is a golden ticket
Not getting tired while others do
Having an infinite curiosity about relevant topics
Hard to beat when combined
Just had the most surreal experience with AI + Coding
Most of my day to day llm use is around coding and I usually default to gpt4 since i use cursor ide,
The thing i was working was pretty dense, ~3000 LOC and 1 file had a weird bug
Usually i just ask LLM's in snippets (since they're pretty bad at large outputs), but i couldn't figure out the weird react rendering bug
Decided to copy and paste all 3 files and ask claude to fix it
i didn't really have high expectations since even with tons of files, most llms fail horribly at
but to my surprise, somehow, Claude was able to perfectly write the entire file (200 LOC) with 0 bugs
it had perfect coding style as well, worked first try.
i think just making better models with larger contexts is going to make devs more productive than an AI agent coding for you.
Instead of an autonomous agent trying to loop and debug, it's 10x faster if an engineer can just conduct
i'd rather have myself writing "high level" code so i can built infinitely more complicated software then an LLM coding "meh" hello world sites.
really excited to see what a model like 5 will be able to do.
there's actually so much to build
Um
He is never ordering anything from them again
Thinking about this today
Cool EBM demo, but what's the input/output? 🤔🧐✍️
March 15 in the Pacific Northwest.
We endure a miserable dark winter in exchange for 9 months of majestic glory:
Marty Cagan on product management theater 🫣
Second hand rumor:
Sam Altman thinks GPT-4.5 will automate 100 million jobs globally
Signs you're working on a feature team, vs. an empowered product team
What makes art "great"? Connections.
This paper examines 500,000 artists & finds long-term success is determined by the prestige of their first exhibits & how connected those galleries are. It is hard to break into fame if you don’t start with high status
@mayfer Mathletrs < guy with that dawg in him
Google Gemini integration began 15 minutes ago, this is a cope thread
Assignment: Generate a happy moment but make it seem sad
Prompt: emotional documentary closeup of a mother and son capturing the feeling of letting go. The mother, with watery eyes and a restrained smile, is kneeling, holding her son. In her eyes we see she's afraid to let go. The child, with his backpack slung over his shoulders, pulls away. In the background kids play on the colorful playground. Light and shadow create emotional tension as the child takes a step towards class. A photo of parental love, and the beauty and pain of letting go --ar 7:5 --style raw
This kid from the 80s is the king of one-liners
"Circuits" in 160 chars of #GLSL
vec2 p=(FC.xy*2.-r)/r.y;for(float i;i++<9.;)o+=(cos(i+vec4(6,1,2,3))+1.)/length(min(sin(vec2(atan(p.y,p.x)+i,log(length(p))-t/i+i*i)*i)-.5,.3));o=tanh(o*o/4e2);
TEXAS ELEKTRONIKGRUPPE
FAB-320, 450mm
Fort Collins, CO. USA
TX-24 Houston Mono™
Coming soon, 2024.
Only from United States Graphics Company.
I’ve been powering AI agents with @GroqInc.
Now, the slowest thing in my AI stack is embeddings.
The agents are instant, it’s incredible.
Here’s a Claude 3 prompt that helps you learn any skill faster.
Just give it a skill, and it’ll give you a custom curriculum:
—
<role>You are a learning coach renowned for your ability to help people master complex skills in record time. You have deep expertise in accelerated learning, deliberate practice, and skill acquisition.</role>
<task>Guide a learner through the process of rapidly acquiring a new complex skill. Break down the skill into key components, share techniques for deliberate practice, and provide a step-by-step roadmap to mastery. Offer motivation and troubleshooting tips to overcome obstacles.</task>
Respond using the following <response_format>:
<response_format>
<skill>The complex skill to be mastered</skill>
<subskills>Key component subskills that comprise the complex skill</subskills>
<deliberate_practice_techniques>Specific techniques for deliberate practice of each subskill</deliberate_practice_techniques>
<mastery_roadmap>Step-by-step roadmap from beginner to mastery</mastery_roadmap>
<obstacles>Common obstacles and plateaus in the skill acquisition process</obstacles>
<troubleshooting>Troubleshooting tips and techniques to overcome obstacles</troubleshooting>
<motivation>Motivational advice and encouragement for the skill acquisition journey</motivation>
</response_format>
<skill>[COMPLEX SKILL TO BE LEARNED]</skill>
—
Considering all the tech advancements in the next few yrs
Working on your social intelligence will be the ultimate move
How to be direct without being aggressive
How to lead things and speak clearly to get to the point
With these you will never have to worry about your job
Even $27 of random expenses per day adds up to $10,000 per year, amazing how little things done consistently add up
UI/UX Designers, I recently found a new website for creating beautiful moving gradients.
ShaderGradient is an online tool that helps create beautiful gradients. You can customize colors, shapes & motion properties. The tool is also available in Figma.
Website →
the most interesting thing about the Klarna story is maybe not that they replaced 700 customer service agents with GPT, but that they built it themselves and didn’t use any of the hundreds of wrapper startups offering precisely this as-a-service
This is funny because it’s too real. If your work week was full of useless meetings please bet on yourself and build a startup.
The value of the asteroid Psyche may exceed several times the global GDP.
This is a visualization of a future where asteroids are colonized for extracting their precious resources.
[📹 Melodysheep]
In every group I speak to, from business executives to scientists, including a group of very accomplished people in Silicon Valley last night, much less than 20% of the crowd has even tried a GPT-4 class model.
Less than 5% has spent the required 10 hours to know how they tick.
If you don't like the default Claude response style, you can use a "priming prompt" to ask for a different response style or format. Here's an example of a priming prompt that gets Claude to be more conversational.
Steve Jobs: "The vision needs to be reiterated."
Self-attention as a directed graph!
Self-attention is at the heart of transformers, the architecture that led to the LLM revolution that we see today.
In this post, I'll clearly explain self-attention & how it can be thought of as a directed graph.
Read more...👇
First time solo startup founder interview 🎙
Steve Jobs believed that the most exceptional individuals are self-directed and don't require micromanagement. Instead, they thrive when they share a common vision.
Let's build a "Chat with your code" RAG application, step-by-step:
For one day only, General Catalyst invited 20 of San Francisco’s top AI entrepreneurs to showcase what’s possible with AI.
Live product and raw code only. No pitches. No bullshit.
Here’s what we saw at the @cerebral_valley co-working demo session at @generalcatalyst (🧵):
Tired of customers that never buy?
🛑 Stop building for:
✅ Start building for:
Claude 3 gets ~60% accuracy on GPQA. It's hard for me to understate how hard these questions are—literal PhDs (in different domains from the questions) with access to the internet get 34%.
PhDs in the same domain (also with internet access!) get 65% - 75% accuracy.
10 popular tones of voice acting
[📹 tawnyplatis]
Zach Galifianakis with the True Detective budget concerns
Ammonites 😍 | #Geology #GeologyPage #Ammonites #Fossil
Geology Page
If you export your chat history from ChatGPT, you get the system prompt(s) for free, no jailbreaking or similar needed
34 GoPros × 3D Gaussian Splatting × Unity = Matrix
[📹 Arata_Fukoe]
@anthonynsimon The actual reality:
1. Set aside few hundred €
2. Get notary appt. & ask for “muster protokoll”
3. Open Bank account (10mins online)
4. Fill out some forms for notary
5. Hire tax advisor for the rest
6. Have a UG for <1k €
It was so inspiring to listen to Sergey talk about AGI, Gemini other Google initiatives and honestly answer so many questions from everyone!
Incredibly excited to open-source a SwiftUI frontend and package for running OSS LLMs with Apple's machine learning framework, MLX.
Code available at @PreternaturalAI's GitHub linked below.
Meanwhile, Sergey is out talking about debugging Gemini looking like someone who actually spent the night debugging. Google rumors are overstated.
BREAKING NEWS! 🇬🇧
In an unprecedented decision, the British PM just confirmed that the UK Government will bring in a "new robust framework" for policing protests in a bid to crackdown on pro-Palestine marches, including revoking visas.
It’s about time; thank you!
Simon Tokumine from Google AI discusses sweet spot use cases for the Gemini Pro 1.5 with a 1-10M token context length at @agihouse_org
so true
"Let's do startups" - Germany edition
But first... some paperwork:
1. Put aside €25,000 for company formation
2. Find a notary to draft articles of incorporation (1-2 weeks)
3. Open bank account (4-6 weeks)
4. Deposit share capital and send to notary
5. Entry into commercial registry
6. Ignore official looking scam letters asking for money
7. Entry into transparency register
8. Register with local trade office
9. Register with tax office
10. Wait for your company's VAT ID
11. You need an official address (don't use your home, can't use PO box), so rent virtual office
12. Buy company insurance
13. Buy accounting software
14. Set up payroll (you have to employ yourself as manager)
15. Pay for on-going accounting costs (€2-3k a year)
16. Prepare monthly, quarterly and yearly taxes
17. Make sure you have a GDPR-compliant privacy policy, and DPAs with all service providers
18. Make sure you have a compliant legal notice on your website and emails, or risk getting a €50,000 fine
19. Make sure your invoices are actually compliant with regulations
20. Don't ever move out of Germany while owning the company, or else go bankrupt due to the exit-tax with no liquidity problem
Now you may invoice your first customer - if you dare ;)
(obviously not legal/tax advice, this is satire)
many, many such cases
Mother Nature creating art at below -30° ❄️😍
Super cool generative Ui ai demo from vercel.
Some thoughts on chat as an interface & dynamic UI:
-chat makes sense as standalone app, like chatGPT. Or as a chatGPT wrapper with extra bells and whistles
-but for existing apps, the strategy everyone seems to be going for is “add a chat interface” inside your app.
But scrolling timelines of chat make no sense in 90% of cases
Instead a better option for this same goal is something like a cmd+k cursor. sh style, or superhuman-sque pull to refresh style to issue commands. No long history chats, instead: single commands translated & issued by a GPT wizard, that can trigger into any function in your app
Imagine:
“How can I edit this video to add sparkles?”
“You can click this… then… then…”
Vs
“How can I edit this video to add sparkles?”
“Here’s your video, I applied x y z buttons”
Generative chat Ui like this demo below is gonna be huge, but it will be much much better outside of pure chat back and forth scrollable timelines. Better to be inline another full fledged app/website
The new Suno model is a 10x leap forward for AI music.
Prompt: "Rap battle between GPT-4 and Gemini"
Stop whatever you're doing and listen.
AI music is coming.
One-hour raft project
[📹 Transformazing]